Energy access challenges and Cosatu’s stance on COP29 — a call for just and equitable solutions

As the world gears up for the 29th Conference of the Parties (COP29) in Azerbaijan, the need for an equitable and just transition to sustainable energy has never been more critical.

For many South Africans, the promise of clean energy and climate justice remains a distant dream, overshadowed by the harsh realities of energy poverty, inequality and exclusion. As Cosatu, we stand firm in our commitment to advocate for solutions that prioritise the needs of workers, communities and the most vulnerable among us.

South Africa, like many other developing nations, especially in the Global South, faces significant energy access challenges. Despite being one of the continent’s most industrialised countries, millions of citizens still lack reliable access to electricity.

About 13% of South African households remain without electricity, with rural areas disproportionately affected. Even for those with access, energy remains unaffordable for many, as the rising cost of electricity continues to strain household budgets.

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The consequences of this energy poverty are profound. Lack of access to affordable and reliable energy limits economic growth, exacerbates inequality and perpetuates social injustices.

For communities in rural areas, townships and informal settlements, this often means relying on dangerous and environmentally harmful energy sources like paraffin, wood and coal which pose significant health risks and contribute to environmental degradation.

As the global community pushes for a transition to cleaner energy sources, we must ensure that this transition does not leave anyone behind. The transition to a low-carbon and climate-resilient economy must be a just transition, one that addresses the deep-rooted inequalities in energy access and ensures that the benefits of sustainable energy are shared by all.

Cosatu’s position on COP29

Energy equity and access:

• Global climate negotiations must prioritise energy access for all, particularly for those in developing countries. This includes increased investment in renewable energy infrastructure that is accessible and affordable for all South Africans, particularly in rural and marginalised communities; and


• The international community must commit to providing financial and technical support to developing countries to ensure that they can transition to renewable energy without exacerbating energy poverty.

Just Transition:

• The shift to a low-carbon economy must be just and equitable, ensuring that workers and communities are not left behind. Cosatu calls for a Just Transition framework that includes retraining and reskilling programmes, social protection measures and job creation strategies in green industries; and


• We insist on the inclusion of trade unions and worker representatives in all climate negotiations to ensure that the voices of those most affected by the transition are heard and respected.

Climate finance:

• Developed nations must fulfil their commitments to provide climate finance to developing countries. These funds are crucial for supporting adaptation and mitigation efforts, particularly in the areas of renewable energy development, climate resilience and disaster preparedness; and


• We also call for transparency and accountability in the allocation and use of climate finance, ensuring that funds reach those who need them most.

Global solidarity:

• Climate change is a global challenge that requires a collective response. Cosatu stands in solidarity with workers and communities across the globe who are fighting for climate justice. We call on the international community to adopt a cooperative approach to climate action that prioritises the needs of the Global South and recognises the historical responsibilities of developed nations.